History homework help. Concepts, ideas, opinions, feelings, and other intangible entities are often labeled as insubstantial phenomena. Select one of the following 3 phenomena that would be considered insubstantial, and explain two different ways one qualitative and one quantitative that you might measure it: a) the closeness of undergraduates social network friends; b) the campus climate at your university; c) irrational exuberance about the stock market.